How do giant ships stay afloat?

If the upward force, or buoyancy, equals the downward force, or its weight, then any object will float
The buoyant force which pushes something toward the surface of the water is dependent on how much space it takes up in the water.
The more space an object takes up in the water, the greater the buoyancy.
So, even though a one-tonne iron block will sink, if you reshape it into a large, thin bowl, it will float.
The bowl shape takes up more space in the water than the block, so it has a higher buoyant force.

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