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I’m 21 years old and I feel absolutely healthy. But my mum insists I should get checked to be sure. She even told me to do it every January, at the start of the year, so I don’t forget. Is it just a waste of money?

answer:
There is no harm in doing a general checkup. However, if you are certain that you’re very healthy and you have no family history or any personal history of medical problems, then there is no urgency in getting any medical health check. If you have symptoms of general lethargy, feel unwell or often suffer menstrual problems, then you can go for specific consultations with your doctor. When you reach 30 years of age, I suggest getting a general physical checkup and blood tests just to get a clear picture of your well being.

This year, I really want to quit my a-pack-a-day   smoking habit. I read story on smoking and I definitely do not want to die of lung cancer! But my dad and older sister both smoke so it’s tough for me not to get tempted, My organic food-loving mum is totally frustrated with the three of us! Is there a way we can all stop?

answer:
You could bring the whole family for counseling and bring your mother along to understand the challenges you face. She can offer much needed moral support. Of course, you must all encourage each other as well. Set your goals and try to achieve them together. Consider joining a quit smoking support group where you can learn about alternatives to smoking. For eg, there are fake cigarettes that look like the real thing yet have no smoke. They do contain nicotine and allow you to gradually kick the habit.

My dad was just diagnosed with  type 2 diabetes and his doctor says that my brother and I should also get checked because it is usually hereditary. I’m really scared because I love to eat chocolates and cakes. I know diabetics need to have insulin injections, right?

answer:
For type 2 diabetics, insulin is not an absolute necessity unless all other modalities of treatment and management have failed. In most cases, type 2 diabetes occurs in older people because they tend to have a sedentary lifestyle and an increase in body weight. Regular exercise and controlled food intake is a must. If the management fails, then oral medication may be needed. Only if all these measures fail will insulin injections be required. That usually occurs when there is an infection or if surgery is necessary. All family members are at risk and should exercise regularly, maintain a good BMI, and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Get yourself checked annually for diabetes.

Blisters can be caused by a number of conditions
and environmental agents, including:
• Friction. Rubbing or pinching can cause skin irritation
and blistering. Friction blisters frequently occur on the
hands and feet.
• Disease. Blisters are symptomatic of skin disorders such as impetigo, incontinentia pigmenti syndrome (IPS), and pemphigus vulgaris. Blisters may also be caused by diseases such as herpes and chickenpox.
• Contact dermatitis. Skin contact with an allergen (e.g.,
latex, cosmetics, cleaning solutions) can trigger redness,
irritation, rash, and blistering of the skin. Blisters also typically appear after skin contact with poison ivy, oak, or sumac.
• Burns. Blisters appear in cases of severe sunburn and thermal burns.
• Frostbite. Severely frostbitten skin frequently blisters.
• Trauma. Blood blisters are caused by trauma to the skin.

Treatment
Unless they are hindering movement or are extremely painful due to their size and/or location, blisters should not be ruptured, or “popped,” as doing so can introduce bacteria into the wound. If a blister does burst, the extra skin should be left intact. Blisters that are excessively large or painful should only be punctured using antiseptic procedures, preferably by or under the direction of a qualified healthcare professional.

Treatment of blisters depends on their cause. Blisters that are symptomatic of a disease or disorder require treatment of the illness itself. Blisters caused by friction or trauma can be treated by cleansing with mild soap, applying an antiseptic, and covering the area with a sterile bandage.

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Heart disease is usually caused by atherosclerosis.
Cholesterol and other fatty substances accumulate on the inner wall of the arteries. They attract fibrous tissue, blood components, and calcium. They then harden into artery-clogging plaques. Atherosclerotic plaques often form blood clots that can also block the coronary arteries (coronary thrombosis). Congenital defects and muscle spasms of arteries or heart muscles also block blood flow. Recent research indicates that infection from organisms such as chlamydia bacteria may be responsible for some cases of heart disease.

A number of major contributing risk factors increase the chance of developing heart disease. Some of these can be changed and some cannot. The greater the number of risk factors, the greater the chance of developing heart disease.

New reports on diet and heart disease have answered some questions, but others remain unclear. While one study concludes that four servings per day of fruit and vegetables are associated with a slight drop in risk of heart disease, eight or more servings per day can produce a significant drop in risk. Another study showed that consuming legumes at least four times per week lowered risk of heart disease from 11% to 22% compared with consuming legumes less than once a week. Research on antioxidants continues to send mixed messages, with some reports showing that vitamins E, C, and other antioxidants can help prevent heart disease, and other studies showing they have no effect. Many physicians and researchers therefore recommend that those wanting to follow healthy heart habits continue to eat a diet rich in antioxidants but recognize that there is probably no value in adding antioxidant supplements to a good diet.

Anorexia nervosa was not officially classified as a
psychiatric disorder until the third edition of DSM in
1980. It is, however, a growing problem among adolescent females and its incidence in the United States has doubled since 1970. The rise in the number of reported cases reflects a genuine increase in the number of persons affected by the disorder, not simply earlier or more accurate diagnosis. Estimates of the incidence of  anorexia range between 0.5-1% of Caucasian female adolescents.

Over 90% of patients diagnosed with the disorder
as of 1998 were female. It was originally thought that
only 5% of anorexics are male, but that estimate is being revised upward. The peak age range for onset of the disorder is 14-18 years, although there are patients who develop anorexia as late as their 40s. In the 1970s and 1980s, anorexia was regarded as a disorder of upper- and middle-class women, but that generalization is also changing. More recent studies indicate that anorexia is increasingly common among women of all races and social classes in the United States.

Anorexia nervosa is a serious public health problem not only because of its rising incidence, but also because it has one of the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder. Moreover, the disorder may cause serious long-term health complications, including congestive heart failure, sudden death, growth retardation, dental problems, constipation, stomach rupture, swelling of the salivary glands, loss of kidney function, osteoporosis, anemia and other abnormalities of the blood.

Anorexics who are not severely malnourished can be treated by outpatient psychotherapy. The types of treatment recommended are supportive rather than insight-oriented, and include behavioral approaches as well as individual or group therapy. Family therapy is often recommended when the patient’s eating disorder is closely tied to family dysfunction. Self-help groups are often useful in helping anorexics find social support and encouragement. Psychotherapy with anorexics is a slow and difficult process; about 50% of patients continue to have serious psychiatric problems after their weight has stabilized.

Medications
Anorexics have been treated with a variety of medications, including antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, selective serotonin re uptake inhibitors, and lithium carbonate. The effectiveness of medications in treatment regimens is still debated. However, at least one study of Prozac showed it helped the patient maintain weight gained while in the hospital.

Prevention
Short of major long-term changes in the larger society, the best strategy for prevention of anorexia is the cultivation of healthy attitudes toward food, weight control, and beauty (or body image) within families.

The women at work wear dresses that show off their shapes, is it kosher to compliment them?

answer:
If a woman is on your level exactly, you may tell her she looks nice. If she’s subordinate, you may not. Period. If she is not in your department, makes more money than you, and has a superior title, tell her she looks very nice indeed. Under no circumstances, however, may you touch her—not even to remove a piece of invisible lint. And don’t think she’s oblivious to your looks. She knows. They always know.